Does groupthink attack all groups?

No, It seems to occur most often when there is a clear group identity, when members hold a positive image of their group that they want to protect, and when the group perceives a collective threat to this positive image. So group think is not a dissenter-suppression mechanism as much as its a means for a group to protect its positive image. For NASA, it is a problem stem from its attempt to confirm its identity as the elite organization that could do o wrong?